The emergency treatment of hazardous chemicals leakage usually includes two aspects: leakage source control and leakage disposal and collection. Regardless of the disposal step, when entering the leakage site for treatment, the disposal personnel shall do the following: 1. Equip necessary personal protective equipment, such as chemical boots, chemical gloves, chemical clothing and necessary respiratory protective equipment; 2. Give priority to extinguishing any open fire and any other forms of heat source and fire source to reduce the risk of fire and explosion. If the leakage is flammable and explosive, kindling shall be strictly prohibited; Third, it is strictly prohibited to act alone in emergency treatment. There should be a guardian, and water guns and water cannons should be used to cover when necessary. Approach the site from upwind and uphill, and blind entry is strictly prohibited.

一、泄露源控制

1、 Leakage source control

泄漏源控制常用到的物品有：粘合剂、修补剂、橡胶修补剂、环氧堵漏棒、湿面修补剂、高温耐磨修补剂、普通耐磨修补剂、陶瓷修补剂、水泵修补剂、钛合金修补 剂、可塑钢修补剂、塑料钢修补剂、不锈钢修补剂、铜质修补剂、铝质修补剂等。

Common items for leakage source control include: adhesive, repair agent, rubber repair agent, epoxy plugging rod, wet surface repair agent, high temperature wear-resistant repair agent, ordinary wear-resistant repair agent, ceramic repair agent, water pump repair agent, titanium alloy repair agent, plastic steel repair agent, plastic steel repair agent, stainless steel repair agent, copper repair agent, aluminum repair agent, etc.

泄露源控制的常用方法有以下几种：

The common methods of leakage source control are as follows:

围堤堵截法

Dike blocking method

针对较大面积以上泄漏的危险化学品，为防止四处蔓延，造成难以控制的局面，采取先用沙土围堵，然后根据危险化学品的理化特性进行相应处理的办法。

In order to prevent the dangerous chemicals leaked over a large area from spreading everywhere and causing a situation difficult to control, the method of first enclosing with sand and then dealing with them according to the physical and chemical characteristics of dangerous chemicals is adopted.

覆盖法

Covering method

针对泄漏的易迅速形成爆炸范围和易挥发的有毒液体危险品，选用泡沫等物质覆盖在上面，形成覆盖层，尽量不让其蒸发，然后再根据其特性进行处理。

In view of the leakage of dangerous substances that can easily form explosive areas and volatile liquids quickly, foam and other substances are used to cover the upper layer, so as to form a covering layer, and try not to let it evaporate, and then deal with it according to its characteristics.

稀释法和中和法

Dilution method and neutralization method

针对泄漏的具有较强腐蚀性的危险化学品，加水稀释或用其他物质使之进行中和反应，从而降低液体危险品的浓度或直接解除其危险性。

For the leaked hazardous chemicals with strong corrosivity, dilute them with water or neutralize them with other substances, so as to reduce the concentration of liquid dangerous goods or directly relieve their danger.

吸收法

Absorption method

针对泄漏的液体危险品，根据其易被吸收的特性，先用蛭石或其他惰性物质进行吸收，再移至其他空旷处深埋或做其他处理。

For the leaked liquid dangerous goods, according to their easy absorption characteristics, first absorb them with vermiculite or other inert substances, and then move them to other open places for deep burial or other treatment.

冲洗法

Flushing method

针对少量泄漏的危险化学品或经过用吸收法处理后的污染现场，有条件地用消防水冲泄漏现场的危险化学品，使之直接排入污水处理系统进行处理；不能排入污水处理系统的，用大量消防水进行冲洗，直至没有对周围环境的危害为止。

For a small amount of leaked hazardous chemicals or contaminated sites treated by absorption method, conditionally flush the hazardous chemicals at the leakage site with fire water to make them directly discharged into the sewage treatment system for treatment; If it cannot be discharged into the sewage treatment system, flush it with a large amount of fire water until there is no harm to the surrounding environment.

以上方法不是独立的，而是有序的且紧密相连的整体。例如，针对较大面积易挥发性危险化学品的泄漏，围堤堵截法是对泄漏物采取的一步，然后根据泄漏的液体危险品的易挥发性选用覆盖法，再用收集法，用冲洗法是对泄漏现场采取的。处理泄漏危险化学品应根据其特性选用不同的方法，这一点很重要。

The above methods are not independent, but an orderly and closely connected whole. For example, for the leakage of volatile hazardous chemicals in a large area, the dike blocking method is a step taken for the leakage, and then the covering method is selected according to the volatility of the leaked liquid hazardous chemicals, followed by the collection method, and the flushing method is taken for the leakage site. It is important to select different methods to deal with leakage hazardous chemicals according to their characteristics.

二、泄漏物处置与收集

2、 Leakage disposal and collection

泄漏被控制后，要及时将现场泄漏物进行覆盖、收容、稀释，使泄漏物得到可靠的处置，防止二次事故的发生。

After the leakage is controlled, the on-site leakage shall be covered, received and diluted in time to ensure reliable disposal of the leakage and prevent the occurrence of secondary accidents.

泄漏物处置常用到的物品有：吸附棉、吸油棉、吸收棉、吸液棉、化学品吸附棉、油品吸附棉、通用型吸附棉等。

Commonly used items for leakage disposal include: adsorption cotton, oil absorption cotton, absorption cotton, liquid absorption cotton, chemical adsorption cotton, oil adsorption cotton, general adsorption cotton, etc.

泄漏物收集常用到的物品有：防化垃圾袋、防火垃圾桶、油渍废弃物防火垃圾桶、防飞溅托盘、盛漏托盘、盛漏卡板、聚乙烯盛漏托盘、高密度聚乙烯盛漏托盘、宽口收集罐、废液罐、金属罐、罐、废液储存桶、储存桶、千升桶、吨装桶、中型散装容器、集装桶、吨包装、IBC桶化学品储存桶、中型散装容器等。

Items commonly used for leakage collection include: chemical resistant garbage bags, fire-proof garbage cans, oil stain waste fire-proof garbage cans, splash proof pallets, leakage holding pallets, leakage holding pallets, polyethylene leakage holding pallets, high-density polyethylene leakage holding pallets, wide mouth collection tanks, waste liquid tanks, metal tanks, tanks, waste liquid storage barrels, storage barrels, kiloliter barrels, ton barrels, medium-sized bulk containers, container barrels Ton packaging, IBC barrels, chemical storage barrels, medium bulk containers, etc.

如果化学品为液体，泄漏到地面上时会四处蔓延扩散，难以收集处理，为此需要筑堤堵截或者引流到地点。对于贮罐区发生液体泄漏时，要及时关闭雨水阀，防止物料沿明沟外流。对于液体泄漏，为降低物料向大气中的蒸发速度，可用泡沫或其他覆盖物品覆盖外泄的物料，在其表面形成覆盖层，或者采用低温冷却来降低泄漏物的蒸发。

If the chemical is liquid, it will spread everywhere when it leaks to the ground, which is difficult to collect and deal with. Therefore, it is necessary to build embankment to intercept or drain to the site. In case of liquid leakage in the storage tank area, the rainwater valve shall be closed in time to prevent the material from flowing out along the open ditch. For liquid leakage, in order to reduce the evaporation rate of materials to the atmosphere, the foam or other materials covered with the material can be used to discharge the material, and a covering layer will be formed on the surface of the material, or low temperature cooling can be used to reduce the evaporation of the leakage.

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