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氢氧化钾和氯化钠混合液蒸发干净水分后剩余什么?
来源:http://www.jnjdbc.cn/ 日期:2022-06-21 发布人:admin
这是一个没有任何实际意义的操作。把水完全蒸发掉,得到的就仍是一个氢氧化钾和氯化钠的混合物。因为其中K+离子与OH-离子的个数相等,Na+离子与Cl-离子的个数相等。这个混合物不论在固态、还是在溶液中也仍具有氢氧化钾及氯化钠的诸多性质。与其中有没有新物质生成,也没有关系。这还是一个一般的物理过程。如果是想从溶液中重新得到氢氧化钾和氯化钠,或是氢氧化钠和氯化钾,那只靠蒸发一般是不行的,要根据这四种离子的相图。以该图为依据,综合考虑它们相互间物质的量比、浓度、温度等条件,来进行可能的分离。那是在某些无机化工专业中才能学到的很专门的知识。对于组成与浓度都未知的这样的混合液,即便依据相图来处理,也有多种可能的分离结果(与原溶液的组成有关)。一种是,氢氧化钾和氯化钠同时结晶出来(这两种物质没有被分开)。
This is an operation without any practical significance. Evaporate the water completely, and the result is still a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride. Because the number of k+ ions and oh- ions is equal, and the number of na+ ions and cl- ions is equal. This mixture still has many properties of potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride in both solid and solution. It has nothing to do with whether new substances are generated. This is also a general physical process. If you want to recover potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride, or sodium hydroxide and potassium chloride from the solution, evaporation alone is generally not enough, according to the phase diagram of these four ions. Based on this diagram, the possible separation is carried out by comprehensively considering the mass ratio, concentration, temperature and other conditions of the substances between them. That is a very specialized knowledge that can be learned in some inorganic chemical engineering majors. For such a mixture whose composition and concentration are unknown, even if it is treated according to the phase diagram, there are many possible separation results (related to the composition of the original solution). One is that potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride crystallize at the same time (the two substances are not separated).
另一种是,可以分离成氢氧化钾和氯化钠(氯化钠先结晶出来)。这时,人们说这基本上还是一个物理过程(没有新物质生成)。再一种是,当组成满足一定条件时,确实可以得到氢氧化钠和氯化钾。这时,有新物质生成。那就应该承认这是一个化学过程,也可以写出相应的方程式。在这里,物质间溶解度的差别是驱动这个反应进行的动力。用硝酸钠与氯化钾反应制硝酸钾,写的方程式就是,NaNO3+KCl=KNO3+NaCl(结晶)。其中的“结晶”就相当于沉淀符号。
The other is that it can be separated into potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride (sodium chloride crystallizes first). At this time, people say that this is basically a physical process (no new material is generated). Another is that when the composition meets certain conditions, sodium hydroxide and potassium chloride can be obtained. At this time, new substances are formed. It should be admitted that this is a chemical process, and the corresponding equations can also be written. Here, the difference in solubility between substances is the driving force driving this reaction. Sodium nitrate reacts with potassium chloride to produce potassium nitrate. The equation written is nano3+kcl=kno3+nacl (crystallization). The "crystallization" is equivalent to the precipitation symbol.
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The above is a detailed introduction about refined naphthalene manufacturers. I hope it will help you If you have any questions, please contact us We will provide you with professional service http://www.jnjdbc.cn
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