萘又称焦油樟脑、并二苯、分子式C10H8。带煤焦油味的白色结晶。分子量128.17。比重1.162(20/4℃)。熔点80.6℃。沸点219.9℃。闪点87.80℃。蒸气压0.011kPa(25℃)。蒸气比重4.40。空气中饱和浓度0.01(101.31kPa，25℃)。爆炸极限0.9%～5.9%。难溶于水，溶于乙醇，易溶于乙醚等有机溶剂。易挥发，易升华。用作塑料、染料、制药的原料和中间体，也用于作消毒剂、防腐剂和家用防蛀剂。

Naphthalene is also known as tar camphor, dibenzo, and molecular formula C10H8. White crystals with a smell of coal tar. Molecular weight 128.17. Specific gravity 1.162 (20/4 ℃). The melting point is 80.6 ℃. The boiling point is 219.9 ℃. Flash point 87.80 ℃. The vapor pressure is 0.011 kPa (25 ℃). The specific gravity of the vapor is 4.40. The saturation concentration in the air is 0.01 (101.31 kPa, 25 ℃). The explosion limit is 0.9% to 5.9%. It is insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, and easily soluble in organic solvents such as ether. Easy to volatilize and sublimate. It is used as a raw material and intermediate for plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and also as a disinfectant, preservative, and household moth repellent.

短时间内大吸入萘蒸气及粉尘可引起急性中毒，眼和呼吸道刺激症状、头痛、恶心、呕吐、多汗、食欲减退、腰痛、尿频等。严重者可引起溶血、肝肾损害、神经系统损害，还可导致眼晶状体混浊。

Large inhalation of naphthalene vapor and dust within a short period of time can cause acute poisoning, eye and respiratory tract irritation, headache, nausea, vomiting, hyperhidrosis, loss of appetite, low back pain, frequent urination, etc. In severe cases, it can cause hemolysis, liver and kidney damage, neurological damage, and lens opacity.

精萘厂家提醒您，口服中毒也有类似上述症状。口服致死量小儿2g，吸入致死量5g～15g。皮肤接触可致皮炎和湿疹样表现。防治：吸入中毒者应脱离有毒环境，脱去污染衣物，清洗眼和皮肤污染处。口服者催吐、洗胃、导泻。静脉滴注10%葡萄糖溶液以促进毒物排泄。

The refined naphthalene manufacturer reminds you that oral poisoning also has similar symptoms. The oral lethal dose for children is 2g, and the inhalation lethal dose is 5-15g. Skin contact can cause dermatitis and eczema like symptoms. Prevention and treatment: People who inhale poisoning should leave the toxic environment, take off contaminated clothing, and clean contaminated areas of the eyes and skin. Take orally to induce vomiting, gastric lavage, and diarrhea. Intravenous infusion of 10% glucose solution to promote the excretion of toxins.

对急性溶血者给予地塞米松和碳酸氢钠。对病情严重者可行血液透析或换血疗法。保护肝肾及其它对症治疗。中毒后忌油脂类及酒精。萘作业环境应有良好通风，室温不宜过高。作业人员应加强个人防护。以萘为原料制取的主要化工中间体和产品如下所示：

Patients with acute hemolysis were given dexamethasone and sodium bicarbonate. Hemodialysis or blood exchange therapy is recommended for severe cases. Protect liver and kidney and other symptomatic treatments. Avoid oils and alcohol after poisoning. The naphthalene working environment should be well ventilated and the room temperature should not be too high. Operators should strengthen personal protection. The main chemical intermediates and products produced from naphthalene are as follows:

萘分子中所有的原子处在同一平面上，每个碳原子都以sp2杂化轨道与相邻碳原子的sp2杂化轨道或氢原子的1s轨道形成σ键，10个碳原子未参与杂化的p轨道垂直于萘环平面，相互平行，从侧面重叠，形成环闭的大π键，具有芳香性。

"All the atoms in the naphthalene molecule are in the same plane, and each carbon atom is formed with a sp2 hybrid orbital with the sp2 hybrid orbital of the adjacent carbon atom or the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom." σ Bond, the p-orbitals of the 10 carbon atoms that are not involved in the hybridization are perpendicular to the plane of the naphthalene ring, parallel to each other, and overlap from the side, forming a large π bond that is cyclically closed and aromatic.

分子中10个碳原子所处位置不完全等同，其中1，4，5，8位相同，称为α-位；2，3，6，7位相同，称为β-位。环上电子密度和碳碳键键长不完全相同，芳香性比苯差。萘比苯容易发生取代反应——卤代、硝化、磺化和傅氏反应。

The positions of 10 carbon atoms in a molecule are not exactly the same, with positions 1, 4, 5, and 8 being the same, called α- Bit; Bits 2, 3, 6, and 7 are the same, called β- Bit. The electron density on the ring and the length of the carbon carbon bond are not exactly the same, and the aromaticity is worse than that of benzene. Naphthalene is more prone to substitution reactions than benzene - halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, and Fourier reaction.

α-碳原子上的电子密度较高，生成α-取代产物的速率较快;β-取代产物稳定性较大。取代反应中α-和β-取代产物的比例决定于试剂的性质、催化剂、溶剂、温度等因素。如卤代和硝化反应是不可逆的，一般主要生成α-取代产物，其中溴代反应不需要催化剂就能发生：

α- The electron density on the carbon atom is high, resulting in α- The rate of substitution products is faster; β- The substituted product has greater stability. In substitution reaction α- and β- The proportion of substituted products depends on factors such as the nature of the reagent, catalyst, solvent, and temperature. If halogenation and nitrification reactions are irreversible, they are generally mainly generated α- Substitution products in which the bromination reaction can occur without a catalyst:

萘是重要的化工原料，约有80%的萘用来制取邻苯二甲酸酐，并进一步合成增塑剂及一些染料。其余用作染料中间体及生产鞣革、表面活性剂。少量用于代替樟脑制卫生丸，利用其特殊气味供家庭衣物驱虫防蛀用。您对该产品还有什么要了解的事情就来我们网站http://www.jnjdbc.cn咨询！

Naphthalene is an important chemical raw material, with about 80% of it used to produce phthalic anhydride and further synthesize plasticizers and some dyes. The rest are used as dye intermediates and in the production of tanning and surface active agents. A small amount is used to replace camphor in making sanitary pills, and its special smell is used for repelling insects and moths in household clothing. If you have any further information about this product, please come to our website http://www.jnjdbc.cn consulting service