甲酰吗啉（formylmorpholine,简称NFM）是一种重要的有机溶剂和精细化工原料。常温下为无色透明液体。具有酰胺的化学性质，其水溶液在酸或碱存在的条件下易水解成吗啉和甲酸，水溶液呈弱碱性。下面小编为您介绍一番：

Formylmorpholine (NFM) is an important organic solvent and fine chemical raw material. It is a colorless transparent liquid at room temperature. It has the chemical properties of amide, and its aqueous solution is easily hydrolyzed into morpholine and formic acid in the presence of acid or base. The aqueous solution is weakly alkaline. Below, the editor will introduce to you:

甲酰吗啉不仅具有选择性好、热稳定性和化学稳定性好、无毒、无腐蚀性等优点，而且由于其结构的特殊性，能与脂肪族烃类、芳烃以及水等互溶，具有良好的溶解萃取性能。

Formylmorpholine not only has advantages such as good selectivity, thermal and chemical stability, non-toxicity, and non corrosiveness, but also has good solubility and extraction performance due to its unique structure, which can be miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, and water.

同时由于甲酰吗啉溶解芳烃后，能大大降低芳烃的挥发度，提高芳烃与非芳烃之间的分离系数，因此被广泛应用于芳烃（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等）与石蜡烃、丁烯、甲乙酮抽提等工艺中，可使精苯纯度高达99.99%，甲苯纯度达99.7%，二甲苯纯度达99.0%，并且溶剂消耗少、不需添加pH调节剂，具有对设备无腐蚀、节能、环境污染小等突出的优点。

At the same time, due to the dissolution of aromatic hydrocarbons by formylmorpholine, the volatility of aromatic hydrocarbons can be greatly reduced, and the separation coefficient between aromatic and non aromatic hydrocarbons can be improved. Therefore, it is widely used in the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) and paraffin hydrocarbons, butene, methyl ethyl ketone, and other processes. It can achieve a purity of up to 99.99% for refined benzene, 99.7% for toluene, and 99.0% for xylene, with low solvent consumption and no need to add pH regulators, It has outstanding advantages such as no corrosion to equipment, energy conservation, and low environmental pollution.

另外，甲酰吗啉可以在聚酯塑料的发泡工业中用作催化剂，在精细化工领域用作甲酰化试剂，在医药工业用作药物合成反应的溶剂，并且都具有特别优良的性能，也是合成药物中间体的重要原料。

In addition, formylmorpholine can be used as a catalyst in the foaming industry of polyester plastics, as a formylation reagent in the fine chemical industry, and as a solvent for drug synthesis reactions in the pharmaceutical industry. Both of them have excellent performance and are important raw materials for synthesizing drug intermediates.

生产方法

Production method

甲酰吗啉的合成方法有多种，根据酰化剂不同一般可以分为甲酸法、甲酸甲酯法、甲酰氯法、羰基酰化法以及吗啉烯胺氧化法等。

There are various methods for synthesizing formylmorpholine, which can be divided into formic acid method, methyl formate method, formyl chloride method, carbonyl acylation method, and morpholine enamine oxidation method according to different acylating agents.

甲酸法

Formic acid method

甲酸法因为副反应少，原料易得，是比较适合我国国情一种工业化生产路线。反应方程式如下：该反应为可逆放热反应，为了使反应转化率提高，通常采用移走反应体系中的水使平衡向右移动的方法，方法有两种：一种为使用带水剂脱除水分；另一种为反应过程中精馏分离水。

The formic acid method is a suitable industrial production route for China due to its low side reactions and easy availability of raw materials. The reaction equation is as follows: the reaction is a reversible Exothermic reaction. In order to improve the reaction conversion, the method of moving the water in the reaction system to make the balance move to the right is usually used. There are two methods: one is to use water carrying agent to remove water; Another method is to separate water through distillation during the reaction process.

甲酸酯法

Formate method

甲酸酯法合成甲酰吗啉的工艺简单，无水生成，设备腐蚀性小，目前国内外研究也比较多，其中甲酸甲酯作为一种使用较早的酰化剂，研究成熟，反应物和生成物都不是酸性物质，避免了甲酸法产品呈酸性和对设备腐蚀问题，但该法收率比较低，副产物多，导致产品纯度较低。

The process of synthesizing formylmorpholine by the Formate method is simple, anhydrous, and less corrosive to the equipment. At present, there are many studies at home and abroad. As an earlier used acylating agent, methyl formate is mature, and neither the reactant nor the product is acidic, which avoids the problem of the formic acid method product being acidic and corrosive to the equipment. However, this method has low yield and many by-products, leading to low product purity.

超临界羰基化法

Supercritical carbonylation method

使用CO和超临界CO2为酰化剂的羰基化法，是合成甲酰吗啉的绿色环保工艺，价格低廉，污染小，但是该工艺要求较高，必须在高温、高压、过渡金属或贵金属作催化剂以及添加剂等共同作用下才能合成，对设备要求高，投资比较大，工艺较复杂，催化剂的价格昂贵，超临界CO2的工艺目前实现大型工业化生产困难，应用较少。但随超临界CO2工艺研究的逐步成熟，以及超临界CO2环保、安全、无毒的优点，超临界CO2为酰化剂的羰基化法将得到广泛应用。

The carbonylation method using CO and supercritical CO2 as acylating agents is a green and environmentally friendly process for synthesizing formylmorpholine, with low cost and low pollution. However, this process requires high temperature, high pressure, transition metal or precious metal catalysts, and additives to synthesize. It requires high equipment requirements, high investment, complex process, and expensive catalyst prices, The process of supercritical CO2 is currently difficult to achieve large-scale industrial production and has few applications. However, with the gradual maturity of research on supercritical CO2 technology and the advantages of environmental protection, safety, and non-toxicity of supercritical CO2, the carbonylation method using supercritical CO2 as an acylating agent will be widely applied.

吗啉烯胺氧化法

Morpholine enamine oxidation method

吗啉烯胺氧化法生产甲酰吗啉在1978就有美国专利报道，该方法是将吗啉与带有α氢的醛以摩尔比1∶1.2溶解在嘧啶或二氯甲烷中，通入氧气用500W的钨灯照射40min，吗啉与醛发生缩合反应，并脱水生成烯胺，再向反应中加入吗啉的1.2倍氧气，并加入血卟啉作为光敏剂，催化氧化反应，烯胺双键断裂生成甲酰吗啉。

The oxidation method of morpholine enamine to produce formylmorpholine was reported in a US patent in 1978, which combines morpholine with α Aldehydes of hydrogen are dissolved in pyrimidine or dichloromethane in a molar ratio of 1 ∶ 1.2. Oxygen is introduced and irradiated with a 500W tungsten lamp for 40min. Morpholine and aldehyde undergo Condensation reaction and dehydrate to form enamines. Then 1.2 times oxygen of morpholine is added to the reaction, and hematoporphyrin is added as a photosensitizer to catalyze the oxidation reaction. The enamine double bond breaks to form formylmorpholine.

用于天然气、合成气、烟道气、天然气凝析油及汽油等的脱硫;[2]是石油芳烃装置的佳抽提溶剂，可用萃取蒸馏回收芳烃，它具有选择性好，热稳定性和化学稳定性好，无毒害，无腐蚀。是目前广泛应用的回收芳烃溶剂。您有需求可以随时来联系我们http://www.jnjdbc.cn！

Used for desulfurization of natural gas, synthetic gas, flue gas, natural gas condensate, and gasoline; [2] It is a good extraction solvent for petroleum aromatics unit, which can be recovered by Extractive distillation. It has good selectivity, thermal stability and chemical stability, no toxicity, and no corrosion. It is currently a widely used solvent for recovering aromatic hydrocarbons. You can contact us anytime if you have any needs http://www.jnjdbc.cn !