Is industrial naphthalene dangerous? Answer: Yes

　　一、健康危害

　　1、 Health hazards

　　侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。

　　Invasion route: inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption.

　　健康危害：具有刺激作用，高浓度致溶血性贫血及肝、肾损害。

　　Health hazard: it has stimulative effect, high concentration can cause hemolytic anemia and liver and kidney damage.

　　急性中毒：吸入高浓度萘蒸气或粉尘时，出现眼及呼吸道刺激、角膜混浊、头痛、恶心、呕吐、食欲减退、腰痛、尿频、尿中出现蛋白及红白细胞。亦可发生视神经炎和视网膜炎。重者可发生中毒性脑病和肝损害。口服中毒主要引起溶血和肝、肾损害，甚至发生急性肾功能衰竭和肝坏死。

　　Acute poisoning: inhalation of high concentration naphthalene vapor or dust, eye and respiratory tract irritation, corneal opacity, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, low back pain, frequent urination, protein and red and white blood cells in urine. Optic neuritis and retinitis can also occur. Toxic encephalopathy and liver damage may occur in severe cases. Oral poisoning mainly causes hemolysis, liver and kidney damage, and even acute renal failure and liver necrosis.

　　慢性中毒：反复接触萘蒸气，可引起头痛、乏力、恶心、呕吐和血液系统损害。可引起白内障、视神经炎和视网膜病变。皮肤接触可引起皮炎。

　　Chronic poisoning: repeated exposure to naphthalene vapor can cause headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and blood system damage. It can cause cataract, optic neuritis and retinopathy. Skin contact can cause dermatitis.

　　二、毒理学资料及环境行为

　　2、 Toxicological information and environmental behavior

　　毒性：属低毒类。

　　Toxicity: low toxicity.

　　急性毒性：LD50490mg/kg(大鼠经口)；人经口5g，白内障及肾损害；人经口5～15g，致死；儿童经口2.0g/2日，致死。

　　Acute toxicity: ld50490mg / kg (rat oral); human oral 5g, cataract and renal damage; human oral 5-15g, fatal; children oral 2.0g/2 days.

　　亚急性和慢性毒性：兔经口1g/(kg·天)，3天，见晶状体浑浊，20天后形成白内障。兔吸入饱和蒸气2小时/天，2～3个月，红细胞先增多后减少；400～500mg/m3,4小时/天，5个月，见晶状体浑浊。小鼠吸入60～500mg/m3，5个月，条件反射紊乱，尸检见呼吸系统损害。

　　Subacute and chronic toxicity: 1 g / (kg · d) was found in rabbits after oral administration for 3 days, and cataract was formed after 20 days. When the rabbits inhaled saturated vapor for 2 hours / day for 2-3 months, the red blood cells increased first and then decreased; when the rabbits inhaled the saturated vapor for 2-3 months, the lens became turbid after 400-500 mg / m3, 4 hours / day, 5 months. The mice inhaled 60-500 mg / m3 for 5 months. The conditioned reflex was disordered and the respiratory system was damaged in autopsy.
           

　　致突变性：细胞遗传学分析：仓鼠卵巢30mg/L。姊妹染色单体交换：仓鼠卵巢15mg/L。

　　Mutagenicity: cytogenetic analysis: hamster ovary 30mg / L. Sister chromatid exchange: hamster ovary 15 mg / L.

　　生殖毒性：小鼠经口低中毒剂量(TDL0)：2400mg/kg(孕7～14天)，影响活产指数，影响存活指数(如活产在第4天时的存活数)。

　　Reproductive toxicity: the lowest oral toxic dose (tdl0): 2400mg / kg (7-14 days of gestation), which affects the live birth index and survival index (such as the number of live births on the fourth day).

　　致癌性：大鼠皮下低中毒剂量(TDL0)：3500mg/kg(12周，间歇)，疑致肿瘤剂，致淋巴瘤，包括何杰金氏病，致子宫肿瘤。小鼠吸入低中毒浓度(TCL0)：30ppm(6小时)(2处，间歇)，致肿瘤，致肺肿瘤。

　　Carcinogenicity: the lowest subcutaneous toxic dose (tdl0): 3500mg / kg (12 weeks, intermittent), suspected tumor agent, lymphoma, including Hodgkin\\\'s disease, causing uterine tumor. Mice inhaled the lowest toxic concentration (tcl0): 30ppm (6 hours) (2 places, intermittent), causing tumor and lung tumor.

　　在环境中的迁移几个实验证明了多环芳烃(PAHs)的可生物降解性。低分子量的多环芳香烃(PAHs)如萘、苊、苊烯在实验研究中均能快速地被降解。初始浓度为5～10mg/L的液体，在7天之内有90%以上的多环芳香(PAHs)被生物降解。高分子量的多环芳香烃(PAHs)如荧蒽、苯并(a)蒽、屈、苯并(a)芘和和蒽等很难被 生物降解。

　　The biodegradability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been proved by several experiments. Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene, acenaphthene and acenaphthene, can be degraded rapidly in the experimental study. More than 90% of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were biodegraded in 7 days when the initial concentration of PAHs was 5-10 mg / L. High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as fluoranthene, benzo (a) anthracene, Qu, benzo (a) pyrene and anthracene, are difficult to be biodegraded.

　　危险特性：遇明火、高热可燃。燃烧时放出有毒的刺激性烟雾。与强氧化剂如铬酸酐、氯酸盐和高锰酸钾等接触，能发生强烈反应，引起燃烧或爆炸。粉体与空气可形成爆炸性混合物，当达到一定的浓度时，遇火星会发生爆炸。

　　Hazard characteristics: flammable in case of open fire and high heat. Toxic and irritating smoke is emitted when burning. Contact with strong oxidants such as chromic anhydride, chlorate and potassium permanganate can cause strong reaction and cause combustion or explosion. Powder and air can form explosive mixture, when reaching a certain concentration, it will explode when meeting Mars.

　　燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。

　　Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.