There are many kinds of chemical substances, a large part of which are dangerous chemicals, which have different degrees of combustion, explosion, corrosion and radioactive characteristics. In case of fire accidents of hazardous chemicals, if the fire extinguishing methods are improper and the measures are not effective, the fire may expand, even lead to explosion and poisoning accidents, resulting in huge property losses and personal casualties. Therefore, the majority of workers and firefighters engaged in chemical production must master the physical and chemical properties of these substances and learn the correct fire-fighting methods.

　　易燃和可燃液体火灾扑救

　　Fire fighting of flammable and combustible liquids液体火灾特别是易燃液体火灾发展迅速而猛烈，有时甚至会发生爆炸。这类物品发生的火灾主要根据它们的比重大小，能否溶于水等性质来确定灭火方法。

　　Liquid fire, especially flammable liquid fire, develops rapidly and violently, and sometimes even explodes. The fire fighting method of this kind of goods is determined according to their specific gravity and water solubility.
                

　　一般来说，对比水轻（比重小于1）又不溶于水的易燃和可燃液体，如苯、甲苯、汽油、煤油、轻柴油等的火灾，可用泡沫或干粉扑救。初始起火时，燃烧面积不大或燃烧物不多时，也可用二氧化碳灭火剂扑救。但不能用水扑救，因为当用水扑救时，易燃可燃液体比水轻，会浮在水面上随水流淌而扩大火灾。如梅山冶金公司焦化厂，由于工人操作不当，致使2t多苯从下水道流入长江，在江面上扩散面积很大。适逢挂有5条木船的"海电1号"轮船停靠在江边避风，一船员将未燃尽的火紫丢入江中，遇苯起火，烧坏船只。

　　Generally speaking, flammable and combustible liquids, such as benzene, toluene, gasoline, kerosene and light diesel oil, can be extinguishing with foam or dry powder in comparison with light water (less than 1) and water-insoluble flammable and combustible liquids. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent can also be used to put out the fire when the initial fire occurs, when the combustion area is small or there are not many combustibles. However, it can not be put out with water, because the flammable and combustible liquid will float on the water surface and expand the fire with the water flowing. For example, in the coking plant of Meishan Metallurgical Company, due to improper operation of workers, 2 tons of benzene flowed into the Yangtze River from the sewer, and the diffusion area was large on the river surface. It happened that the "Haidian No.1" ship with five wooden boats was berthing at the river for shelter. A crew member threw the unburned fire purple into the river, and caught fire in benzene and burned the ship.

　　比水重（比重大于1）而不溶于水的液体，如二硫化碳、萘、蒽等着火时，可用水扑救，但覆盖在液体表面的水层必须有一定厚度，方能压住火焰。但是，被压在水下面的液体温度都比较高，现场消防人员应注意不要烫伤。如某厂萘着火用水扑救，大量高温萘（最低温度80℃以上）被压在水下面，多人在灭火过程中被水下面的高温萘烫伤。

　　When a liquid, such as carbon disulfide, naphthalene, anthracene, etc., is on fire, it can be put out by water. However, the water layer covering the surface of the liquid must have a certain thickness to suppress the flame. However, the temperature of the liquid under the water is relatively high, and the fire fighters on site should pay attention to avoid scalding. For example, a large number of high-temperature naphthalene (the minimum temperature above 80 ℃) was pressed under the water, and many people were scalded by the high-temperature naphthalene under the water during the fire-fighting process.

　　能溶于水的液体，如甲醇、乙醇等醇类，醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯等酯类，丙酮、丁酮等酮类发生火灾时，应用雾状水或抗溶性泡沫、干粉等来灭火剂扑救。在火灾初期或燃烧物不多时，也可用二氧化碳扑救。如使用化学泡沫灭火时，泡沫强度必须比扑救不溶于水的易燃液体大3-5倍。

　　Water soluble liquids, such as alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and other esters, such as acetone, butanone and ketones, are used to extinguish fire when they are in fire. In the early stage of fire or when there are not many combustibles, carbon dioxide can also be used to put out the fire. If chemical foam is used to extinguish fire, the foam strength must be 3-5 times larger than that of flammable liquid which is insoluble in water.

　　敞口容器内易燃可燃液体着火，不能用砂土扑救。因为砂土非但不能覆盖液体表面，反而会沉积于容器底部，造成液位上升以致溢出，使火灾蔓延。

　　The combustible liquid in the open container catches fire and cannot be put out by sand. Instead of covering the liquid surface, sand will deposit on the bottom of the container, causing the liquid level to rise and overflow, thus spreading the fire.

　　以上是关于精萘等化学物质着火的灭火方法的相关介绍，希望对大家有所帮助，想要了解更多内容欢迎点击我们的精萘厂家http://www.jnjdbc.cn网站。

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