安全操作与防护​

Safe operation and protection

在工业生产中，操作精萘时应确保生产设备及容器的密闭性，防止精萘蒸气或粉末外逸。工作场所要设置强制通风设施，及时排出可能泄漏的精萘蒸气，降低空气中的浓度。操作人员必须佩戴合适的防护装备，如防护手套、护目镜、防护服以及防毒面具等。防护手套应选择具有良好化学防护性能的材质，如丁腈橡胶手套，能够有效阻隔精萘与皮肤的接触。护目镜要能全面保护眼睛，防止精萘粉尘或蒸气进入眼睛。防护服要做到全身覆盖，减少皮肤暴露面积。防毒面具则应根据工作环境中精萘的浓度，选择合适的过滤元件，确保能够有效过滤萘蒸气。在操作过程中，严禁烟火，因为精萘易燃，与空气可形成爆炸性混合物，当达到一定浓度时，遇火星便会发生爆炸。此外，要定期对工作场所的空气进行检测，确保精萘浓度符合国家规定的职业接触限值标准。目前，我国规定工作场所萘的最大容许浓度为 10×10⁻⁶ 。一旦发生精萘泄漏，应立即采取应急措施，疏散周围人员，隔离泄漏污染区，切断火源。对于少量泄漏，可使用砂土、蛭石等惰性材料吸收；对于大量泄漏，则应构筑围堤或挖坑收容，用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害，并使用防爆泵转移至专用收集容器中，进行妥善处理。​

In industrial production, the sealing of production equipment and containers should be ensured when operating refined naphthalene to prevent the escape of refined naphthalene vapor or powder. The workplace should be equipped with forced ventilation facilities to promptly discharge possible leaked naphthalene vapor and reduce the concentration in the air. Operators must wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, protective clothing, and gas masks. Protective gloves should be made of materials with good chemical protection properties, such as nitrile rubber gloves, which can effectively block the contact between naphthalene and the skin. Goggles should be able to fully protect the eyes and prevent naphthalene dust or vapor from entering the eyes. Protective clothing should cover the entire body and reduce the exposed area of the skin. Gas masks should select appropriate filtering elements based on the concentration of naphthalene in the working environment to ensure effective filtration of naphthalene vapor. During the operation, smoking and fireworks are strictly prohibited, as naphthalene is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. When it reaches a certain concentration, it will explode upon contact with Mars. In addition, it is necessary to regularly test the air in the workplace to ensure that the concentration of naphthalene meets the occupational exposure limit standards set by the country. At present, the maximum allowable concentration of naphthalene in the workplace in China is 10 × 10 ⁻⁶. Once a refined naphthalene leak occurs, emergency measures should be taken immediately, surrounding personnel should be evacuated, the contaminated area should be isolated, and the fire source should be cut off. For small leaks, inert materials such as sand and vermiculite can be used to absorb them; For a large amount of leakage, it is necessary to build a dike or dig a pit to receive it, cover it with foam to reduce the steam disaster, and use an explosion-proof pump to transfer it to a special collection container for proper treatment. ​

储存与运输​

Storage and transportation

精萘的储存和运输也需要严格遵循相关规范。储存时，应将精萘放置在阴凉、通风的库房中，远离火种、热源。库房温度不宜超过 30℃，相对湿度不宜超过 80%。精萘应与氧化剂、食用化学品等分开存放，切忌混储。储存区域应配备相应品种和数量的消防器材，以及泄漏应急处理设备。在运输方面，液体萘一般采用槽车运输，运输过程中要确保槽车的密封性，防止液体泄漏。固体精萘通常用牛皮纸袋装，每袋净重 25kg ，运输时要避免包装袋破损，防止精萘散落。运输车辆应配备相应的消防器材和泄漏应急处理设备，运输途中要防曝晒、雨淋，防高温。无论是储存还是运输，都要严格遵守相关法规和标准，确保精萘在整个流通过程中的安全性。

The storage and transportation of refined naphthalene also need to strictly follow relevant regulations. When storing, refined naphthalene should be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from sources of fire and heat. The temperature in the warehouse should not exceed 30 ℃, and the relative humidity should not exceed 80%. Naphthalene should be stored separately from oxidants, edible chemicals, etc., and should not be stored together. The storage area should be equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment, as well as emergency response equipment for leaks. In terms of transportation, liquid naphthalene is generally transported by tank trucks, and the sealing of the tank trucks should be ensured during transportation to prevent liquid leakage. Solid naphthalene is usually packaged in kraft paper bags, with a net weight of 25kg per bag. During transportation, it is important to avoid damaging the packaging bags to prevent the naphthalene from scattering. Transport vehicles should be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment and emergency response equipment for leaks. During transportation, they should be protected from exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperatures. Whether it is storage or transportation, relevant regulations and standards must be strictly followed to ensure the safety of refined naphthalene throughout the entire circulation process.

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