内窥镜是一种从人体天然开口部位或切口部位插入，用以窥视人体内部的仪器，在医疗领域应用广泛。

Endoscope is an instrument that is inserted from the natural opening or incision site of the human body to observe the interior of the body, and is widely used in the medical field.

临床应用

Clinical application

诊断方面：可用于胃肠道、腹腔、胸腔、关节腔等部位的检查，帮助医生观察内部器官的病变情况，如炎症、溃疡、肿瘤、息肉等，还可进行活检，获取组织样本进行病理检查，以明确病变的性质。

In terms of diagnosis, it can be used for examination of the gastrointestinal tract, abdominal cavity, chest cavity, joint cavity and other parts, helping doctors observe the lesions of internal organs such as inflammation, ulcers, tumors, polyps, etc. It can also be used for biopsy to obtain tissue samples for pathological examination to clarify the nature of the lesions.

治疗方面：可用于切除息肉、肿瘤等病变组织，还可进行止血、缝合、支架置入等治疗操作。

In terms of treatment, it can be used to remove pathological tissues such as polyps and tumors, and can also be used for hemostatic, suturing, stent placement and other therapeutic procedures.

结构原理

Structural principle

电子内窥镜系统原理：借助内窥镜顶端的电荷耦合元件（CCD）将光信号转换成电信号，经视频系统处理后转换为监视器上的图像。

The principle of electronic endoscope system: By using the charge coupled device (CCD) at the top of the endoscope, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, which is processed by the video system and converted into an image on the monitor.

组成部分：包括照明装置、光学系统和工作通道。照明装置由外部冷光源完成，光线通过柔性光纤传输；光学系统用于传输影像，可通过普通透镜系统、光纤或视频技术实现；工作通道用于插入各种器械，如活检钳、治疗器械等。

Components: including lighting fixtures, optical systems, and working channels. The lighting device is completed by an external cold light source, and the light is transmitted through flexible optical fibers; Optical systems are used for transmitting images and can be achieved through ordinary lens systems, optical fibers, or video technology; The working channel is used to insert various instruments, such as biopsy forceps, treatment equipment, etc.