一、精萘的危害

1、 The hazards of refined naphthalene

呼吸系统：吸入精萘挥发的蒸汽，会刺激呼吸道，引发咳嗽、咽痛、胸闷等症状，长期接触可能导致呼吸道炎症。此外，反复接触还可能致使肺部组织纤维化，影响气体交换，损害肺功能。

Respiratory system: Inhaling the volatile vapor of naphthalene can irritate the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and chest tightness. Long term exposure may lead to respiratory inflammation. In addition, repeated exposure may also cause fibrosis of lung tissue, affect gas exchange, and impair lung function.

血液系统：精萘会氧化红细胞中的血红蛋白，形成高铁血红蛋白，降低红细胞携带氧气的能力，引发头痛、乏力、呼吸困难等缺氧症状，严重时可能导致溶血性贫血，造成红细胞破裂，血红蛋白泄漏，进而引发黄疸。

Hematological system: Naphthalene can oxidize hemoglobin in red blood cells, forming methemoglobin, reducing the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen, causing symptoms of hypoxia such as headache, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it may lead to hemolytic anemia, causing red blood cell rupture, hemoglobin leakage, and ultimately jaundice.

眼部与皮肤：直接接触精萘，会刺激眼睛，造成眼痛、流泪、红肿等症状，甚至损伤角膜。与皮肤接触可能导致接触性皮炎，出现红斑、瘙痒、水疱等，若皮肤破损，精萘更易进入人体，加重危害。

Eye and skin: Direct contact with naphthalene can irritate the eyes, causing symptoms such as eye pain, tearing, redness, and even damage to the cornea. Contact with the skin may cause contact dermatitis, resulting in redness, itching, blisters, etc. If the skin is damaged, naphthalene is more likely to enter the human body, exacerbating the harm.

神经系统：长期接触精萘，可能影响神经系统功能，引发头痛、头晕、失眠、记忆力减退等神经衰弱症状，高浓度接触还可能导致抽搐、昏迷等急性中毒症状。

Nervous system: Long term exposure to naphthalene may affect nervous system function, causing symptoms of neurasthenia such as headache, dizziness, insomnia, and memory loss. High concentration exposure may also lead to acute poisoning symptoms such as convulsions and coma.

致癌风险：国际癌症研究机构将精萘列为 2B 类致癌物，长期、大量接触，会增加患癌风险，尤其是鼻腔、咽喉和肺部癌症。

Carcinogenic risk: The International Agency for Research on Cancer lists naphthalene as a Group 2B carcinogen. Long term and large amounts of exposure can increase the risk of cancer, especially in the nasal cavity, throat, and lungs.

二、工业场景预防措施

2、 Preventive measures for industrial scenarios

工程控制：在精萘生产、使用的工厂车间，安装有效的通风系统，如局部排气装置，及时排出空气中的精萘蒸汽，降低其在车间内的浓度。生产设备尽量实现自动化和密闭化，减少工人与精萘的直接接触。例如，采用密闭式的精萘储存罐和输送管道，防止精萘泄漏。

Engineering control: Install effective ventilation systems, such as local exhaust devices, in the factory workshops where refined naphthalene is produced and used to promptly remove refined naphthalene vapor from the air and reduce its concentration in the workshop. Production equipment should be automated and sealed as much as possible to reduce direct contact between workers and refined naphthalene. For example, using sealed naphthalene storage tanks and conveying pipelines to prevent naphthalene leakage.

管理措施：制定严格的操作规范和安全制度，要求工人严格遵守。定期对工人进行安全培训，内容包括精萘的危害特性、正确的操作方法、防护措施以及应急处理方法等，提高工人的安全意识和自我保护能力。同时，定期对工作场所的精萘浓度进行检测，确保其符合国家职业卫生标准。

Management measures: Establish strict operating standards and safety regulations, requiring workers to strictly comply. Regularly provide safety training to workers, including the hazardous characteristics of naphthalene, correct operating methods, protective measures, and emergency response methods, to enhance their safety awareness and self-protection ability. At the same time, regular testing of naphthalene concentration in the workplace is conducted to ensure compliance with national occupational health standards.

个体防护：为工人配备高质量的个人防护装备，如符合国家标准的防毒面具，能有效过滤精萘蒸汽；佩戴化学防护手套，防止皮肤接触精萘；穿戴防护服、防护靴，全面防护身体。此外，要求工人在工作结束后，及时更换工作服，清洗身体，避免精萘残留。

Personal protection: Equip workers with high-quality personal protective equipment, such as gas masks that meet national standards and can effectively filter naphthalene vapors; Wear chemical protective gloves to prevent skin contact with naphthalene; Wear protective clothing and boots to fully protect your body. In addition, workers are required to change their work clothes and clean their bodies promptly after work to avoid residual naphthalene.

三、日常生活场景预防措施

3、 Preventive measures for daily life scenarios

选择替代产品：日常生活中，尽量避免使用含精萘的产品，如部分传统的卫生球。可选择以樟脑为原料的天然防虫剂，或其他环保型的防虫、防蛀产品，从源头上减少精萘的接触。

Choose alternative products: In daily life, try to avoid using products containing refined naphthalene, such as some traditional sanitary balls. You can choose natural insect repellents made from camphor as raw material, or other environmentally friendly insect and moth prevention products to reduce contact with refined naphthalene from the source.

妥善存放物品：若家中有含精萘的产品，要妥善存放，放在儿童和宠物接触不到的地方，避免误食。同时，将其存放在通风良好的地方，减少精萘蒸汽在室内的积聚。

Properly store items: If there are products containing refined naphthalene in the home, they should be stored properly and kept out of reach of children and pets to avoid accidental ingestion. Meanwhile, store it in a well ventilated area to reduce the accumulation of refined naphthalene vapor indoors.

应急处理：如果不慎接触到精萘，应立即采取应急措施。皮肤接触后，迅速脱去被污染的衣物，用大量流动清水冲洗皮肤至少 15 分钟，并及时就医；眼睛接触后，立即用大量清水或生理盐水冲洗眼睛，随后前往医院接受专业治疗。若吸入精萘蒸汽，应迅速转移到空气新鲜的地方，保持呼吸道通畅，如出现呼吸困难等症状，应立即就医。

Emergency response: If contact with naphthalene is accidentally made, emergency measures should be taken immediately. After skin contact, quickly remove contaminated clothing, rinse the skin with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical attention promptly; After eye contact, immediately rinse the eyes with plenty of water or saline solution, and then go to the hospital for professional treatment. If inhaling refined naphthalene vapor, it should be quickly transferred to a place with fresh air, keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed. If symptoms such as difficulty breathing occur, seek medical attention immediately.

通过采取以上预防措施，无论是在工业环境还是日常生活中，都能有效降低精萘带来的危害，保障人体健康和生态环境安全 。

By taking the above preventive measures, the harm caused by refined naphthalene can be effectively reduced in both industrial environments and daily life, ensuring human health and ecological safety.

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