精萘的健康影响与暴露途径

Health effects and exposure pathways of refined naphthalene

健康影响

Health impact

对红细胞的影响：如果接触大剂量的精萘，人体的红细胞可能会被破坏或摧毁，导致溶血性贫血。儿童如果食用用精萘制成的樟脑丸，也可能会损害红细胞。

The impact on red blood cells: If exposed to high doses of naphthalene, the body's red blood cells may be damaged or destroyed, leading to hemolytic anemia. If children consume camphor balls made from refined naphthalene, it may also damage their red blood cells.

其他症状：接触精萘还可能出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻和尿血等症状。在一些动物中，食用或呼吸精萘会导致白内障，但目前尚不清楚对人类是否有同样的影响。白内障会使视力模糊，难以看清。

Other symptoms: Exposure to naphthalene may also cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hematuria. In some animals, consuming or breathing naphthalene can cause cataracts, but it is currently unclear whether it has the same effect on humans. Cataract can make vision blurry and difficult to see clearly.

对小鼠的影响：暴露于精萘蒸气两年的小鼠，其鼻子和肺部会发炎和受刺激。

Effects on mice: Mice exposed to naphthalene vapor for two years will experience inflammation and irritation in their nose and lungs.

暴露途径

Exposure pathway

呼吸污染空气：在生产精萘的行业工作，如煤焦油生产、木材防腐、制革、油墨和染料生产或燃烧木材、煤炭或石油的行业，可能会通过呼吸污染空气而接触到精萘。

Breathing polluted air: Working in industries that produce refined naphthalene, such as coal tar production, wood preservation, leather making, ink and dye production, or industries that burn wood, coal, or petroleum, may come into contact with refined naphthalene through breathing polluted air.

接触含萘物品：接触使用过樟脑丸的衣服或毯子也可能接触到精萘。

Contact with naphthalene containing items: Clothing or blankets that have been used with camphor balls may also come into contact with refined naphthalene.

饮食污染食物和水：虽然可以通过食用或饮用受污染的食物和水接触到精萘，但这不是常见的接触来源。实际上，食物中精萘的含量尚不清楚。

Dietary contamination of food and water: Although it is possible to come into contact with refined naphthalene through consuming or drinking contaminated food and water, this is not a common source of exposure. In fact, the content of refined naphthalene in food is still unclear.

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