精萘对人体具有显著的危害，主要包括急性中毒、慢性中毒以及其他特定部位的损害。以下是对这些危害的详细阐述：

　　Naphthalene has significant harm to the human body, mainly including acute poisoning, chronic poisoning, and damage to other specific parts. The following is a detailed explanation of these hazards:

　　一、急性中毒

　　1、 Acute poisoning

　　当人体短时间吸入大量萘蒸气或粉尘时，可能发生急性中毒。其症状主要包括：

　　When the human body inhales a large amount of naphthalene vapor or dust in a short period of time, acute poisoning may occur. The main symptoms include:

　　眼及呼吸道刺激，角膜浑浊。

　　Eye and respiratory irritation, corneal opacity.

　　头痛、恶心、呕吐、食欲减退。

　　Headache, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite.

　　腰痛、尿频，尿中出现蛋白及红白细胞。

　　Lower back pain, frequent urination, presence of protein and red and white cells in urine.

　　视神经炎和视网膜炎，严重者可发生中毒性脑病和肝损害。

　　Optic neuritis and retinitis can lead to toxic encephalopathy and liver damage in severe cases.

　　口服中毒则主要引起溶血和肝、肾损害，甚至导致急性肾衰竭和肝坏死。

　　Oral poisoning mainly causes hemolysis and liver and kidney damage, and even leads to acute kidney failure and liver necrosis.

　　二、慢性中毒

　　2、 Chronic poisoning

　　长期低浓度接触萘蒸气或粉尘可能导致慢性中毒。其症状主要包括：

　　Long term low concentration exposure to naphthalene vapor or dust may lead to chronic poisoning. The main symptoms include:

　　头痛、乏力、恶心、呕吐。

　　Headache, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.

　　血液系统损害，如白细胞减少、血小板减少等。

　　Damage to the blood system, such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, etc.

　　造血功能障碍，表现为再生障碍性贫血和骨髓增生异常综合征。

　　Hematopoietic dysfunction, manifested as aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.

　　还可引起白内障、视神经炎和视网膜病变，以及皮炎等皮肤损害。

　　It can also cause cataracts, optic neuritis, retinopathy, as well as skin damage such as dermatitis.

　　三、其他特定部位的损害

　　3、 Damage to other specific areas

　　神经系统：高浓度萘蒸气可引起中枢神经系统的麻醉作用，导致意识模糊、深度昏迷和抽搐，严重者可导致呼吸、心跳停止而死亡。

　　Nervous system: High concentrations of naphthalene vapor can cause anesthesia in the central nervous system, leading to confusion, deep coma, and convulsions. In severe cases, it can cause respiratory and cardiac arrest and death.

　　肝、肾：萘对肝、肾具有显著的毒性作用，可引起溶血性贫血及肝、肾损害，严重者可导致急性肾衰竭和肝坏死。

　　Liver and kidneys: Naphthalene has significant toxic effects on the liver and kidneys, which can cause hemolytic anemia and liver and kidney damage. In severe cases, it can lead to acute kidney failure and liver necrosis.

　　皮肤：皮肤接触萘可引起皮炎，对皮肤敏感者尤为严重。

　　Skin: Skin contact with naphthalene can cause dermatitis, especially for those with sensitive skin.

　　眼睛：萘蒸气或粉尘接触眼睛可引起眼及呼吸道刺激，角膜浑浊，严重时可导致视神经炎和视网膜炎。

　　Eyes: Contact with naphthalene vapor or dust can cause eye and respiratory irritation, corneal opacity, and in severe cases, can lead to optic neuritis and retinitis.

　　四、预防措施

　　4、 Preventive measures

　　为了预防精萘对人体的危害，应采取以下措施：

　　To prevent the harm of refined naphthalene to the human body, the following measures should be taken:

　　在生产和使用萘的场所，应加强局部通风和个人防护，佩戴过滤式防毒面具、空气呼吸器或氧气呼吸器，以及化学防护眼镜和橡胶手套等防护用品。

　　In places where naphthalene is produced and used, local ventilation and personal protection should be strengthened, and filter gas masks, air respirators or oxygen respirators should be worn, as well as protective equipment such as chemical protective goggles and rubber gloves.

　　禁止在工作现场吸烟、进食和饮水，以防止萘通过呼吸道、消化道等途径进入人体。

　　Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the workplace to prevent naphthalene from entering the human body through respiratory and digestive pathways.

　　定期对接触萘的人员进行健康检查，及时发现和处理健康问题。

　　Regularly conduct health checks on individuals who come into contact with naphthalene, and promptly identify and address health issues.

　　综上所述，精萘对人体具有显著的危害，应引起高度重视。在接触和使用萘时，应采取严格的预防措施，确保人员安全。

　　In summary, refined naphthalene poses significant harm to the human body and should be highly valued. Strict precautions should be taken when coming into contact with and using naphthalene to ensure personnel safety.

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